Saturday, December 19, 2020

#615 Many psychology books discuss addictions

Many psychology books discuss addictions - Psychology

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Many psychology books discuss addictions as chemical imbalances, illness, and something that is more of a medical issue rather than a choice. However, I know plenty of cases where people straight end their addiction cold turkey simply because they found some strength in their minds that this has got to stop. So, are the chemical imbalances and the medically treatable components more results of the addiction which comes about through weakness of the mind?

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There are two types of addiction or dependence if you will.
Physical dependence refers to one biologically changing in relation to addiction. This includes chemical changes(imbalance) and results in strong physical symptoms when the drug is not in one's system.
Psychological dependence is the association of the addictive substance with pleasurable responses, including pleasure, stress relief, numbness, etc. Often this is a harder addiction to get over since you have to change the way you think as well as your physical dependence on the substance.  Addiction in the psychological sense is termed a mental illness in the DSM-IV-R
Usually, the people who can quit "cold turkey" were not dependent on both of these ways but managed to overcome one or the other. Some people "think differently" and are able to quit more easily because they have overcome psychological dependence, but for others, it is ingrained subconsciously and is thus harder to change.  
This applies to more than just drug use but also to certain behaviors that mimic chemical addiction (nymphomania, trichotillomania, gambling addiction, etc.) 

Free Chegg Answer 2

People believe what they want to believe the results of which are subsequently manifested into the physical world.
That's how important thinking "in a certain way" should be taught from the beginning. Wallace D. Wattles's book " The Science ofGetting Rich" is a good example.

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Friday, December 18, 2020

#614 The primary way psychologists research the extent

The primary way psychologists research the extent - Psychology

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The primary way psychologists research the extent to which the environment determines personality is by studying:

A) twins reared together vs. twins in adoptive families reared apart.

B) identical vs. fraternal twins.

C) siblings reared together vs. siblings in adoptive families reared apart.

D) parental personalities vs. the personalities of their children.

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The answer is A, because using twins that share the same genetic material mostly rids researchers of the confound of nature (heredity), allowing them to observe the effects of nurture (the different environments).

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#613 Discuss how much of Roman society and thought

Discuss how much of Roman society and thought - Psychology

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Discuss how much of Roman society and thought were Greek in origin.

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Answer- The Roman empire was very powerful and won other parts of the Mediterranean in 275 BC. Due to the fear of Romans, many Greeks joined the army during the battle of Carthaginians. This action of Greeks made the Romans very angry and they decided to control Greece in a very manipulative way. Greece was declared a province of the Roman empire. The people of Greece did not support Romans but they were helpless. The Romans governed for many years and the thoughts, values, and religion of Greece made it Greek in origin to some extent. According to Historical researches, the Greek literature, architecture, art, and culture were all adopted by Romans.

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Wednesday, December 16, 2020

#609 Which of the following is best describes the

Which of the following is best describes the - Psychology

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Which of the following is best describes the "knee jerk"reflex?
* Efferent neurons carry the information from the stimulus into the brain, where it is processed, and the afferent neurons carry the message to the knee itself to respond.
*Afferent neurons carry the information from the stimulus to interneurons in the brain which then transmit information to the knee itself via efferent neurons.
*Motor neurons carry the information from the stimulus into the brain, where it is processed and sensory neurons carry the message to the knee itself to respond.
* Afferent neurons transmit information to interneurons in the spinal cord and then efferent neurons carry the message to the knee itself to respond, bypassing the brain.

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* Efferent neurons carry the information from the stimulus into thebrain, where it is processed, and the afferent neurons carry themessage to the knee itself to respond. - NO, THE FIRST IS TO SENSE,THIS REQUIRES AFFERENT NERVE


*Afferent neurons carry the information from the stimulus tointerneurons in the brain which then transmit information to theknee itself via efferent neurons._NO, THE BRAIN IS NOT INVOLVED

*Motor neurons carry the information from the stimulus into thebrain, where it is processed and sensory neurons carry the messageto the knee itself to respond. No NO, THE FIRST IS TO SENSE,THIS REQUIRES AFFERENT NERVE

* Afferent neurons transmit information to interneurons in thespinal cord and then efferent neurons carry the message to the kneeitself to respond, bypassing the brain. THERE YOU GO!

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#608 Discuss the differences between the governments

Discuss the differences between the governments - Psychology

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Discuss the differences between the governments and militaries of Rome and Carthage that account for Rome's eventual victory over Carthage.

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Rome and Carthage differed in many ways including social, cultural, religious, and military aspects yet the final Punic War determined which power would survive. At the start of the Punic Wars in 264 BC, Rome and Carthage were the preeminent cities in the western Mediterranean. Rome was a land power, building her strength on the mighty legions after having consolidated the other Italian city-states under her hegemony. Carthage was a maritime power, expanding power through trade and commerce. By the third century BC it was inevitable that continued expansion for both cities would result in a confrontation. With the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, Rome won the competition.

Carthage had a more powerful navy, but Rome had a more efficient army. Carthage had more brilliant leaders, while Rome had a more steadfast body of citizens.


Rome was a land power, building her strength on the mighty legions after having consolidated the other Italian city-states under her hegemony. Carthage was a maritime power, expanding power through trade and commerce.

With the destruction of Carthage, Rome won the battle in 146 BC. 

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Thursday, December 10, 2020

#595 Why were plebeians so important to Rome

Why were plebeians so important to Rome - Psychology

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Why were plebeians so important to Rome?

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  • Roman citizens were divided up into two distinct classes: the plebeians and the patricians. The patricians were the wealthy upper-class people. Everyone else was considered a plebeian.
  • Plebeians were average working citizens of Rome-farmers, bakers, builders or craftsmen, who worked hard to support their families and pay their taxes. The plebeians had little individual power. Grouped together, however, they became a Roman mob and had to be handled carefully.
  • In the early stages of Rome, the plebeians had few rights. All of the government and religious positions were held by patricians. The patricians made the laws, owned the lands, and were the generals over the army. Plebeians couldn't hold public office and were not even allowed to marry patricians.
  • Starting around 494 BC, the plebeians began to fight against the rule of the patricians. This struggle is called the "Conflict of the Orders." Over the course of around 200 years, the plebeians gained more rights. They protested by going on strike. They would leave the city for a while, refuse to work, or even refuse to fight in the army. Eventually, the plebeians gained a number of rights including the right to run for office and marry patricians.
  • By the first century AD, plebeians comprised a formal class, which held its own meetings, elected its own officials, and kept its own records.
  • One of the first concessions that the plebeians got from the patricians was the Law of the Twelve Tables. The Twelve Tables were laws that were posted in the public for all to see. They protected some basic rights of all Roman citizens regardless of their social class.
  • Eventually, the plebeians were allowed to elect their own government officials. They elected "tribunes" who represented the plebeians and fought for their rights. They had the power to veto new laws from the Roman senate.
  • As time went on, there became few legal differences between the plebeians and the patricians. The plebeians could be elected to the senate and even be consuls. Plebeians and patricians could also get married. Wealthy plebeians became part of the Roman nobility. However, despite changes in the laws, the patricians always held a majority of the wealth and power in Ancient Rome.

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Sunday, December 6, 2020

#581 From studying gender differences in personality

From studying gender differences in personality - Psychology

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From studying gender differences in personality, evolutionary psychologists believe that in our ancestors:

A. aggressiveness in men may have had an adaptive value intimidating sexual rivals.

B. agreeableness in women may have been an intentional ploy to attract mates.

C. low sperm counts in men may have increased their ability to father offspring

D. greater sensation-seeking in men may have promoted the admiration of other males..

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aggressiveness in men may have had an adaptive value in intimidating sexual rivals

 

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#581 I have a test on Tuesday and my teacher gave us a study

I have a test on Tuesday and my teacher gave us a study - Psychology

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I have a test on Tuesday and my teacher gave us a study guide and one of the questions is " How to do associative, information processing, and connectionist models account for learning?"... I'm not sure how to answer this

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what I would do if I were you would to look up the definition of all three and see how they relate to learning like for ex.
The Associative data model is a model for database unlike any. Unlike the relational model, which is record-based and deals with entities and attributes, this model works with entities that have a discreet independent existence, and their relationship is modeled as associations.
I hope my little tip helped am not a big fan of psychology..
 
Associative learning is the process by which an element is learned through association with a separate, pre-occurring element. It includes conditioning, both operant and classical.
Information processing theory proposes that, like a computer, the mind is a system that processes information through the application of logical rules and strategies. The mind has a limited capacity for the amount and nature of the information it can process, similar to computer memory. Finally, just as the computer can be made into a better information processor by changes in its hardware (e.g., circuit boards and microchips) and it's software (programming), so do children become more sophisticated thinkers through changes in their brains and sensor systems (hardware) and in the rules and strategies (software) that they learn.
The connectionist model emphasizes the fact that information is stored in multiple locations throughout the brain in the form of networks of connections. It is consistent with the thelevels-of-processing approach in that the more connections to a single idea or concept, the more likely it is to be remembered.
The information processing model can contain both other models within its theoretical paradigm. In a similar manner, the associative theory can encompass the connectionist model.
Think of it this way. Our brains are built in such a way as to be most efficient (neural connections acting like computer programming). A possible, highly efficient manner for people to organize a lot of information is to make associations(connections) with other information the person already knows. The more connections/associations a person can make, the more likely the person is to retain the information. All of these theories refer to mental processes that facilitate learning by making the brain operate most effectively.  

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Saturday, December 5, 2020

#579 During a discussion in class, my teacher mentioned

During a discussion in class, my teacher mentioned - Psychology

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h1 class=post-title style=text-align center;During a discussion in class, my teacher mentioned - Psychologyh1 pstrongChemistryExplainstrong daily providing Q&A content “#579 During a strongdiscussionstrong in class, my teacher mentioned in strongspan data-sheets-value={"1"2,"2""Anatomy and physiology, Anatomy and physiology flash cards, Anatomy and physiology revealed, Heart anatomy and physiology, Human anatomy and physiology textbook"} data-sheets-userformat={"2"513,"3"{"1"0},"12"0}Anatomy and physiology, Anatomy and physiology flash cards, Anatomy and physiology revealed, Heart anatomy and physiology, Human anatomy and physiology textbookspanstrongp pGet the Free Online strongChemistry Q&A Questions And Answersstrong with explain. To crack any examinations and Interview tests these Chemistry Questions And Answers are very useful. Here we have uploaded the Free Online Chemistry Questions. Here we are also given the all chemistry topic.p p strongChemistryExplain team has covered all Topics related tostrong inorganic, organic, physical chemistry, and others So, Prepare these Chemistry Questions and Answers with Explanation Pdf.p pstrongFor More a title=Free Chegg Q&A href=httpswww.chemistryexplain.comsearchlabelChegg&max-results=6 target=_blank rel=noopener noreferrerChegga Questionsstrongp ul lia title=Q&A Inorganic Chemistry href=httpswww.chemistryexplain.comsearchlabelQ%26A%20Inorganic%20Chemistry&max-results=6Inorganic Chemistryali lia title=Q&A Organic Chemistry href=httpswww.chemistryexplain.comsearchlabelQ%26A%20Organic%20Chemistry&max-results=6Organic Chemistryali lia title=Q&A Physical Chemistry  href=httpswww.chemistryexplain.comsearchlabelQ%26A%20Physical%20Chemistry&max-results=6Physical Chemistryali ul h2strongJoin Our Telegram Channel for Covers All Update by a href=httpswww.chemistryexplain.comChemistryExplaina- a href=httpst.mechemistryexplainClick Nowastrongh2 h2 style=text-align center;strongFree Chegg Questionstrongh2 pDuring a strongdiscussionstrong in class, my teacher mentioned that some people may wash their hair to feel better when they are depressed. I'm curious as to why or how this would make someone feel better. I myself have never washed my hair to feel better when I'm feeling sad or something. Does anyone have any insight on this Does anyone know how this works I'd really appreciate some help in understanding this, thanks!!p pstrongFree Chegg AnswerstrongstrongFor More Chemistry Notes and Helpful Content Subscribe Our YouTube Chanel - a title=Chemistry Explain href=httpswww.youtube.comchannelUCAi1nNRoaq9NQ5zBiBR5XvQsub_confirmation=1 target=_blank rel=noopener noreferrerChemistry Explaina  strongp h2 style=text-align center;strongFree Chegg Answer 1strongh2 divI have never read or anything about this in any of my many psychology courses however I do believe it. When I am sad or depressed I notice that my showers and baths get longer and more frequent. Being in the showerbath can be very relaxing. Steam and warm water are relaxing. It may also have to do with the scents, which are typically pleasing, shampooconditioner. Many of us tend to purchase shampoos and conditioners that are having a pleasing scent to us. These scents, though we may not notice it are comforting, it is something we like and for many of us it also something familiar. Many people use the same shampoo all the time, it is something that is constant in our lives which compared to life and everything in your shampoo scent seems of little importance. However, when people are depressed it is often because the direction their life is going in not comfortable, it is stressful and sometimes we just need something familiar no matter how irrelevant to the life and small that piece of familiar may be that familiar scent of your shampoo might just be the little bit of comfort you need. Many shampoos also contain herbs and such that are used in aroma therapies which can be very relaxing. Then there is also the fact that when you wash your hair you are massaging your scalp and massage is a very good way to relax and to escape from your problems for a bit.br Whether or not these are things that your instructor would come up with to explain this, I think they definitely could all be parts of the reason for the connection.div div h2 style=text-align center;strongFree Chegg Answer 2strongh2 pMost likely your professor was simply listing a repetitive soothing activity that many people may take comfort in.  However, specifically, hair washing stimulates blood flow along the scalp and releases tension, similar to a massage, which may explain its particular effect. p div

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During a discussion in class, my teacher mentioned that some people may wash their hair to feel better when they are depressed. I'm curious as to why or how this would make someone feel better. I myself have never washed my hair to feel better when I'm feeling sad or something. Does anyone have any insight on this? Does anyone know how this works? I'd really appreciate some help in understanding this, thanks!!

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I have never read or anything about this in any of my many psychology courses however I do believe it. When I am sad or depressed I notice that my showers and baths get longer and more frequent. Being in the shower/bath can be very relaxing. Steam and warm water are relaxing. It may also have to do with the scents, which are typically pleasing, shampoo/conditioner. Many of us tend to purchase shampoos and conditioners that are having a pleasing scent to us. These scents, though we may not notice it are comforting, it is something we like and for many of us it also something familiar. Many people use the same shampoo all the time, it is something that is constant in our lives which compared to life and everything in your shampoo scent seems of little importance. However, when people are depressed it is often because the direction their life is going in not comfortable, it is stressful and sometimes we just need something familiar no matter how irrelevant to the life and small that piece of familiar maybe that familiar scent of your shampoo might just be the little bit of comfort you need. Many shampoos also contain herbs and such that are used in aromatherapies which can be very relaxing. Then there is also the fact that when you wash your hair you are massaging your scalp and massage is a very good way to relax and to escape from your problems for a bit.
Whether or not these are things that your instructor would come up with to explain this, I think they definitely could all be parts of the reason for the connection.

Free Chegg Answer 2

Most likely your professor was simply listing a repetitive soothing activity that many people may take comfort in.  However, specifically, hair washing stimulates blood flow along the scalp and releases tension, similar to a massage, which may explain its particular effect. 

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#578 Which of the following statements about behavior

Which of the following statements about behavior - Psychology

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Which of the following statements about behavior is true?

A. We tend to behave according to our personality more often than in reaction to circumstances in which we may find ourselves.

B. If we know someone's personality, it is highly likely we can predict that person's behavior across a wide variety of situations.

C. We may not necessarily act the same across situations, but we often act similarly manner in similar situations.

D. Someone who cheats on tests is more likely than others to steal orlie.

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The answer is definitely C. I'm guessing you have the psychology book, therefore my answer was based on pg 474-475, Although my book may be different from yours, however, the answer is still the same.

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#577 can anyone plz explain Kant's formulation of the

Can anyone plz explain Kant's formulation of the - Psychology

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Can anyone plz explain Kant's formulation of the " categorical imperative"?

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Kant gives three formulations of the categorical imperative.
1: Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
This means that you should only do something if it would be okay if everybody else did it. For example, if you are questioning the morality of lying, you would formulate a maxim or principle, that states "It is okay to lie". This is clearly not a principle one would wish to write into law since nobody likes to be lied to. Therefore, it is immoral to lie.
2: Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means to an end.
First, a couple of definitions. Means: the way a person gets somewhere; method(i.e.: a means of transportation). End: the ultimate goal.
This is the same as saying that a person needs to be able to be in control of themself and not simply manipulated. At the same time, it is okay to manipulate somebody as long as they are still in control of their own person. In the same case of lying, asking a person for some money and telling them that you will repay them is removing their ability to be an end in themself and you are merely using that person as a means to your end. Therefore, lying is immoral. But something like asking somebody for the time, while itis considered using somebody as a means to your end, does not remove their ability to be their own end. Therefore, it is a perfectly moral action to ask somebody what the time is.
3: Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.
This mainly follows from the first formulation. It is probably the most self-explanatory and logical. Basically, every person should act as though his actions were to be made into a universal law.

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#576 how does Kant distinguish between autonomy

How does Kant distinguish between autonomy - Psychology

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how does Kant distinguish between autonomy and heteronomy?

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Kant believes both to be opposites!
autonomy - "action is a necessary condition for moral choice." autonymous people have a will that is self-determined as a
heteronymous person's will is determined by an outside forcer such as other people or emotions.

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#575 Although this can be very broad and to varying

Although this can be very broad and varying - Psychology

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1) Although this can be very broad and to varying degrees, what is the general perception of someone who collects things or has a collection?

2) If you eliminate an avid interest in the collected object and OCD: to collect for sport, to collect for novelty, to collect for notoriety, or to make an aberrant statement of defiance. What would you have then?

Not looking for a complete diagnosis here, just looking for brainstorming. just shout out the answers if you have one.

No wrong answers. Just give your opinion.

My quest is one of knowledge.

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in answer to the first question, I would think that people collect things because they have some sort of emotional tie to some concept of the object. For instance, if someone collects baseball cards or Football jerseys, it could be a tie to their love of the sport usually associated with the person (a grandfather, father, uncle, etc.), a good memory associated with it, etc. People may also collect things for the fear of being without. Maybe they lost something dear to them at some point and could not handle it, so they hoard everything they come in contact with to avoid ever being in need of something. Collecting is sometimes a comfort for people.It makes them feel that they are doing something and that something they have is important, which then makes them important.
This is just a quick thought that popped into my head.

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Friday, November 27, 2020

#539 Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge

Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge - Psychology 

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5. Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience, an idea now known as:

A) functionalism.    B) philosophical empiricism.    C) structuralism.    D) nativism

6. Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:

A) experience.   B) adaptation.   C) behaviorism.    D) phrenology.

7. Paul Broca's famous patient, M. Leborgne, suffered damage to a small part of the left side of his brain, resulting in:

A. an inability to communicate at all.

b. a heightened ability to do mathematical calculations.

C. an inability to speak more than a single syllable.

D. an increased capacity for auditory functioning.

8. The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:

A) psychology.   B) anatomy.   C) phrenology.    D) physiology.

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5. B Option is Right

6. A Option is Right
7. C Option is Right
8. D Option is Right

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#538 The key theories on the benefits of self-esteem

The key theories on the benefits of self-esteem - Psychology 

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The key theories on the benefits of self-esteem focus on status, belonging, and:

A) primary wants.    B) security.    C) self-actualization.   D) love.

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C) Self-Actualization

According to Maslow, without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain Self-Actualization.

therefore having self-esteem leads to a self-actualizationbenefit.

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Tuesday, November 24, 2020

#528 I'm studying Bern's BSRI scale of measuring sex

I'm studying Bern's BSRI scale of measuring sex - Psychology

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I'm studying Bern's BSRI scale of measuring sex-role behavior. Her scale runs against the possibility of error cross-culturally. Is there a way that her scale could be made more valid and reliable in terms of cross-culture sex-role behavior?

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one would have to create a scale of the same magnitude that is meant for only one other culture, and then do that for all the other cultures in the world, then match them together to see I have the same magnitudes, then one could accurately create a scale that can measure cross-culturally.

But, if you are referring to interracial couples, then you would have to make a scale for all of the different configurations of races and cultures, and then match them up to the first scale to see if there are any similarities

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#527 What is the difference between a psychologist

What is the difference between a psychologist - Psychology

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What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

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The terms "psychologist" and "psychiatrist" are often usedinterchangeably to describe anyone who provides therapy services.While psychologists and psychiatrists both conduct psychotherapyand research, there are significant differences between the twoprofessions.

Education, Training, andCredentials:-

The simplest answer lies in the educational background required foreach profession. A psychiatrist has a degree in medicine and a psychologist has a doctoral-level degree in psychology. However,there are a number of other distinctions that make each professionquite unique.

Psychologists
receive graduate training in psychology and pursueeither a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in clinical or counseling psychology.Doctorate programs typically take five to seven years to completeand most states require an additional one or two year longinternship in order to gain licensure. Other states require anaddition year or two of supervised practice before granting fulllicensure.

The title of "psychologist" can only be used by an individual whohas completed the above education, training, and state licensure.Informal titles such as "counselor" or "therapist" are often usedas well, but other mental health care professionals such aslicensed social workers can also claim these titles.
Psychiatrists are physicians to have specific training in theassessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mentalillnesses. Psychiatrists attend medical school and receive an M.D.After completing medical training, they complete an additional fouryears of residency training in mental health. In addition to this,some receive additional training in a specific area of interestsuch as geriatric psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry,addictions and other areas.

Prescribing Medications

A second important distinction between the two careers is thatpsychiatrists can prescribe medication, while psychologists cannot.There has been a recent push to grant prescribing powers topsychologists, with states such as New Mexico and Louisiana nowallowing psychologists to write prescriptions after consulting witha psychiatrist.
Which is Better?
If you are considering a career as a therapist, you will need todetermine which career path is best for you. Are you interested inconducting psychotherapy, administering psychological tests, andconducting research? If so, a career as a psychologist may be thebest choice for you.

If you have an interest in medicine and want to be able toprescribe medications to your patients, a career in psychiatrymight be your ideal choice. If you don't want to invest five toeight years in graduate training, consider pursuing a career as alicensed social worker or counselor, which typically requires twoor three years of graduate study. Psychiatric nursing is anothergreat career option for students interested in medicine. AdvancedPsychiatric Nurses hold a Master's degree or higher inpsychiatric-mental health nursing and are able to assess patients,diagnose disorders, provide psychotherapy and prescribemedications. 

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The simplest way to describe the difference between apsychologist and a psychiatrist is that a psychologist primarilyaids the depressed patient by counseling and psychotherapy. Apsychiatrist may also perform psychotherapy; but, in addition, canprescribe medications and perform ECT (electroconvulsive therapy).A psychiatrist is a medical doctor. A psychologist may hold adoctoral degree (Ph.D.) and be called "doctor"; but, is not amedical doctor (M.D.).

Psychologists give therapy, they get psyd's, Psychiatrists get PHD's because they study medicine - they can write prescriptions
 

The are both doctors however, the main difference is a psychiatrist prescribes medicine

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