#164 How many chiral centers are present in each of the

How many chiral centers are present in each of the - Organic Chemistry

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Free Chegg Question

How many chiral centers are present in each of the following molecular structures?

a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 

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Free Chegg Answer

The chiral center is the point or carbon atom which possesses all the four different groups attached to it. A chiral center is commonly denoted by an asterisk (*).
(a)
The structure of the given molecule is as follows:

Now we can find the carbon atom is chiral or not as described as follows:

Carbon number 1 and 4 consists of one Cl (chlorine) atom and one H (hydrogen) atom attached to them. But both these carbons consist of the same groups (CH₂-CH₂-CH-Br) at their left and right side. Thus, C-1 and C-4 carbon atoms are not chiral centers.
Carbon number 2, 3, 5, and 6 consists of two same groups (hydrogen atoms). From the definition, it gets clear that a chiral carbon is the one that has all the four different groups attached to it. No two groups can be similar. Thus, C-2, C-3, C-5, and C-6 carbon are not chiral centers.
Hence, the given structure does not show any chiral centers.

(b)
The structure of the given molecule is as follows:

Now we can find the carbon atom is chiral or not as described as follows:

Carbon number 1 consists of four different groups attached to it. It consists of one hydrogen atom, one hydroxyl (OH) group, CH₂-CH₂-CH₂ (propyl) group on its one side and CHCH₃-CH₂-CH₂ (1-methyl propyl) group on its other side. Thus, all the four groups are different, thus, the C-1 carbon is a chiral center.
Carbon number 2 consists of four different groups attached to it. It consists of one hydrogen atom, one methyl group, CH₂-CH₂-CH₂ (propyl) group on one side and CHOH-CH₂-CH₂ (1-hydroxy propyl) group on the other side. Thus, all the four groups are different, thus, the C-2 carbon is a chiral center.
Hence, the given structure shows two chiral centers.

(c)
The structure of the given molecule is as follows:

Now we can find the carbon atom is chiral or not as described as follows:

All the carbon atoms consist of double bonds. According to the definition, a chiral center should have four different groups attached to it. Since the double bonded carbon atoms consists of only three groups, thus, the structure has no chiral center. Thus, all the carbons are not chiral centers irrespective of any substituent attached to it.
Hence, the given structure does not show any chiral centers.

(d)
The structure of the given molecule is as follows:

Now we can find the carbon atom is chiral or not as described as follows:

All the carbon atoms consist of double bonds. According to the definition, a chiral center should have four different groups attached to it. Since the double-bonded carbon atoms consist of only three groups, thus, the structure has no chiral center. Thus, all the carbons are not chiral centers irrespective of any substituent attached to it.