#607 W. Grainger and McMaster-Carr sell maintenance

W. Grainger and McMaster-Carr sell maintenance - Operation Management

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w.w. Grainger and McMaster-Carr: MRO Suppliers

W. Grainger and McMaster-Carr sell maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) products Both companies have catalogs and web pages through which orders can be placed. W.W. Grainger has several hundred stores throughout the United States. Customers can walk into a store, call in an order, or place it via the website. W.W. Grainger orders are either shipped to the cu tomer or picked up by th almost all its orders (although a few customers near its DCs do pick up their Grainger has nine DCs that both replenish stores and fill customer orders. McMaster has five DCs from which all orders are filled. Neither McMaster nor W.W. Grainger manufactures any product. They both primarily serve the role of a distributor or retailer. Their success is largely linked to their supply chain management ability

Both firms offer several hundred thousand products to their customers. Grainger stocks about 300,000 stock-keeping units (SKUs), whereas McMaster carries about 500,000. Grainger also provides many other products that it does not stock directly from its suppliers. Both firms face the following strategic and operational issues:

1. How many DCs should be built, and where should they be located?

2. How should product stocking be managed at the DCs? Should all DCs carry all products?

3. What products should be carried in inventory and what products should be left with the supplier to be shipped directly in response to a customer order?

4. What products should W.W. Grainger carry at a store?

5 How should markets be allocated to DCs in terms of order fulfillment? What should be done if an order cannot be completely filled from a DC? Should there be specified backup locations? How should they be selected?

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1. How many DCs should be built and where should they be located?

This can be solved using a linear programming problem that we can prepare in MS Excel. The solver can help us in solving this query. The details that would be needed to solve this problem are:-
a) demand across different store locations
b) customer service level that should be maintained
c) production locations for these SKUs
d) Transportation cost & time for each node (production to DC, Dc to stores)
e) Contraints on the lower & upper limit of each DC
f) constraints on the fixed & variable cost of each DC
g) capacity of each DC
h) Inventory carrying cost at each DC

2.
a) product stocking should be managed by calculating the safety stock, cycle stock, pipeline inventory, etc. for each DC. This can be calculated using the demand pattern, inventory carrying cost, EOQ, etc.
b) all Dcs should not carry all products. we will only be wasting the working capital of the company. Based on 2a, we can identify the correct SKUs and the stock at each DC. we can even crate Hubs to support small DCs. This will lead to aggregation of inventory and less inventory costs.

3. This is also dependent on the service level, supplier location, customer location, transportation costs, inventory carrying costs, and handling costs. The model prepared in answer 1 can take care of this issue.

4. Can be answered by Answer 1

5. This depends on the service level that we are guaranteeing to our customers. The backup location should be selected based on the optimization model (2nd lowest cost keeping in mind all the constraints can be selected)

#602 Trace how Carthage became almost the equal

Trace how Carthage became almost the equal - Operations Management

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Trace how Carthage became almost the equal of Rome. Be sure to show the strength of both and how this conflict led to Rome becoming a naval power.

The paper needs to be 500 words long with proper formatting and use of APA standards for citation.

The paper should also include an introduction, body, and conclusion.

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This report would address how Carthage became nearly equal to Rome, its benefits and disadvantages, and how Carthage became nearly equal to Rome and its disputes. Rome was reinforced by crushing the Latins, Etruscans, and Samnites and taking influence as they incorporated into his kingdom. Rome was up for a test beyond Italy and the empire was rising, Carthage was a priority as it presented a danger to the supremacy of the Empire. With the assistance of the Phoenicians, Carthage was established and its conflict with Rome emerged from their domination over the western Mediterranean. Carthage even had the colony of Tyre, a large North African city-state. There were numerous conflicts and rivalries between Carthage and Rome, the background of the Ancient Empires. These two countries were well-known to be on the western Mediterranean as well as the Italian peninsula for war, control, and energy. Carthage guides the former while the other becomes Rome's main power. There would be a trace in this writing-up how Carthage was almost the counterpart of Rome, demonstrating the influence of both and how this rivalry contributed to Rome becoming a naval force. Carthage and Rome came together away from the Mediterranean Sea. Through Hannibal's relentless actions, Carthage was almost equivalent to Rome in strength and dominance. Much of Carthage's conquest had its futile fight with Rome. Over more than a hundred years these two towns have battled one another. Rome was victorious in several of those wars when Carthage appeared to be vanquished. Carthage's roots led to the ascribed influence and energy of the region. It was created by a colony of tyrants. Unlike Rome, it was the hub of naval influence and trade. Exploring and learning was rather laborious.

BODY

Comparing the rivals' weaknesses and capabilities — Carthage had more money but Rome had a stronger structure. Carthage had a larger fleet but Caesar had a more powerful force. Carthage had lighter members while Rome had a more conservative group of men. Carthage's primary strength lay in its riches and economic power, while Rome's relied on the integrity of its citizens and its well-organized government structure. The Roman Empire had an immense food surplus and a broad populace which was key to their success owing to a balanced and nourished fighting army. One of their greatest leader who played a key role in Carthage's downfall, Hannibal used the tactic of repeating their actions toward the theme. He stopped the Romans from planning or deploying with clever terrain options to exploit their assets, sometimes transforming them into vulnerabilities.

The dispute — The Romans conquered the Second Punic War from 218 till 201 B.C. On the boundary conflict surrounding the town of Saguntum. The famous warrior commander Hannibal, also identified as Africanus, commanded the Carthaginian side against the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio. Because of their own discontent with their rule, Hannibal was able to use the Gauls against the Romans. Scipio, however, beat Carthage's main ally, Hasdrubal, so Hannibal's force sustained Campania's loss. This undermined the exhausted Carthaginian side as they spent a lot of time marching about in an effort to drag the Romans back of an active war.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, one of the main aspects of the growth of the Roman Empire was Rome's capacity to respond to the transition and their patriotism. The Roman Empire retained its strong position and sent Carthage. The result of the Carthage-Rome war has strengthened the military influence of Rome on other maritime frontiers such as Spain and Asia Minor. The enhanced naval activity in the seas culminated in Rome acquiring a reputation as a naval force.

#557 Assume yourself working for a manufacturing company

Assume yourself working for a manufacturing company - Operations Management

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Assume yourself working for a manufacturing company that wants to expand its international operations but is unsure about the country selection. The management has given you the task of selecting the two best countries based on the FDI Index and the KOF Globalization Index.

Required: You are required to go online and search about FDI Index and KOF Globalization Index, their importance and relevance when planning to grow business abroad. Based on this, suggest which two countries are best for investment for your company and why?

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FDI Confidence Index is an examination of the impact of political, financial, and administrative changes on the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into a given nation in the years to come, just as the inclinations of CEOs, CFOs, and other top chiefs of Global 1000 organizations. It is an index distributed yearly by AT Kearney, a global consultancy firm. The report includes a definite analysis of the markets and the effect an assortment of global exchange issues have on their FDI allure, just as a ranking of the main 25 nations. It is built using essential information from an exclusive overview administered to senior heads of the world's leading organizations. The organizations taking part in the review have $ 500 million or more yearly income.

Foreign direct investment is huge for developing economies and emerging markets where organizations need funding and mastery to expand their international deals. Private investment in infrastructure, energy, and water is a basic driver of the economy as aids in increasing positions and wages. advantages of foreign direct investment are outlined underneath:

1. It helps in diversifying investors portfolio

2. It advances stable long haul lending

3. It infuses new innovation in developing countries

4. It gives financing to developing nations

5. It brings in mechanical ability and managerial mastery

KOF Globalization Index

The KOF Globalization Index gauges the monetary, social, and political components of globalization. Globalization in the financial, social, and political fields has been on the ascent since the 1970s, receiving a specific lift after the finish of the Cold War. The KOF Index of Globalization is an index of the level of globalization of 122 nations.

The KOF Index of Globalization means to gauge the pace of Globalization in nations around the globe. Information used to develop the 2019 release of the index was from 2017. The index depends on three measurements, or center arrangements of indicators: financial, social, and political.

From local pharmacists producing drugs got from botanicals to discount creation of medications today, pharmaceuticals have become a major global area on the planet's economy. So, the industry has been at the forefront of the revelation, advancement, creation, and marketing of medications. The pharmaceutical organizations have likewise been involved in worthy missions that have permitted drug gifts in developing nations where the requirement for their prescriptions is extraordinary. A large portion of these causes are for malignant growth, helps, intestinal sickness, tuberculosis, parasitic and other tropical illnesses. These medications might be branded or conventional.

Biggest Global Pharmaceutical Markets

The US has the biggest pharmaceutical market on the planet with an estimation of $339,694 million USD followed by Japan ($94,025 million USD). In the US, Pfizer leads in deals incomes of about $45 billion USD in 2013 while Johnson and Johnson understood an income of $70,074 million USD in 2015. while in Japan, Takeda made $20,446 million USD in 2014.

Monitoring of the pharmaceutical industry involves a few perspectives, for example, natural monitoring in drug creation; decontamination; microbiological testing; stockpiling; and wastewater on the board. These cycles involve meeting administrative principles for item wellbeing and marketing. The issue of unfriendly medication impacts has been the initiative behind exacting guidelines of the pharmaceutical industry around the world. These complaints have arrived at at least 1000 cases per year for each key showcased drug item sold in the market in late many years.

Pharmacovigilance has gotten significant in the industry also in monitoring unrecognized medication chances, acknowledgment of predisposing factors, and refuting deceptive wellbeing cases of medications. In ongoing many years, pharmaceutical organizations themselves have set up their monitoring units to additional the wellbeing of their items. Pharmacovigilance has its origins in clinical medicine, clinical and pre-clinical pharmacology, immunology, toxicology, and the study of disease transmission. Doctors and other intently related sources are the typical information regarding unfriendly medication responses (ADRs).

#552 Discuss the concept of specialization and division

Discuss the concept of specialization and division - Operations Management 

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a ) Discuss the concept of specialization and division of labor as it applies to marketing channels.

As a Channel Manager, please give a different and unique example from industry or real life to demonstrate the “concept of specialization of labor

b) Expertise and economies of scale in production do not necessarily translate into expertise and economies of scale and/or scope in distribution. Discuss this statement.

As a Channel Manager, please give a different and unique example from industry or real life to demonstrate the “economies of scale and/or scope in distribution.”

c)  Explain the four types of competition. Why is it important to recognize these different forms of competition? As a Channel Manager, please give a different and unique example from industry or real life to demonstrate the “four types of competition.”

d) Discuss some of the approaches that the channel manager may use in attempting to manage conflict. Also, Are the effects of conflict necessarily detrimental to channel efficiency? Explain.

e) How does channel positioning relate to channel design and in turn to differential advantage via channel design? As a Channel Manager, please give a hypothetical or real example from industry or real life.”

f) Identify the possible relationship between channel closeness and distribution intensity. As a Channel Manager, please give a different and unique example from industry or real life to demonstrate the “possible relationship between channel closeness and distribution intensity.”

g) What is a distribution objective? What does it mean when we say that distribution objectives should be coordinated with other objectives and strategies of the firm?

h) Briefly describe the major categories of variables that should be considered when evaluating alternative channel structures. A number of heuristics about how these variables are likely to influence channel structure. What useful purpose does this serve? What dangers does it hold?

i) What is the relationship between the intensity of distribution and the amount of emphasis given to selection? Discuss several sources that the channel manager can use to help locate prospective channel members.

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Answer a) The work performed by the advertising channels can be considered as a progression of conveyance assignments or capacities. The designation of these assignments or capacities to those organizations or gatherings who can perform them most productively speaks to the utilization of the idea of specialization and division of work to the showcasing channel. Such a portion of conveyance undertakings or capacities among channel members who are pros at performing them brings about more effective appropriation.

Answer b) All exist to offer items that fulfill the necessities of clients. For the necessities of those clients to be fulfilled, items must be made accessible to clients when, where, and how they need them. Along these lines, creating and fabricating firms should by one way or another see that their items are dispersed to their planned business sectors. Most delivering and assembling firms, both enormous and little, in any case, are not in a good situation to circulate their items straightforwardly to their last client markets.1Quite frequently, they do not have the essential mastery and the economies of scale (and additionally scope) to play out the entirety of the dissemination assignments important to disperse their items viably and productively to their past clients. Concerning aptitude, numerous makers and makers don't have almost the degree of mastery in dispersion that they have achieved underway or fabricated. A hardware maker might be working at the main edge of gadgets innovation but know next to no about the most ideal approach to convey its modern items to its business sectors. A bore maker may make the best items utilizing the most developed amalgams but then be very credulous with regards to playing out the assignments important to appropriate those items.

Answer c) Four kinds of rivalry envisioned are Horizontal rivalry, Intertype Competition, Vertical Competition, and Channel framework rivalry.

1. Flat rivalry – In this, the opposition is between comparative firms, for example, a grocery store versus another market.

2. Intertype Competition-In this the opposition is between various kinds of firms which exists at a similar channel level for example rivalry among Amazon and Walmart

3. Vertical rivalry In this the opposition is between channel individuals existing at various levels since the two of them rival each other e.g distributer versus maker.

4. Channel framework rivalry – when a total divert framework is in rivalry with another channel framework. They are more coordinated and durable and all the gathering meets up (maker, distributor, and retailer) and battle with one another.

Answer d) Clashes influence the association's proficiency in an unfriendly manner and the channel administrator ought to consequently make an honest effort to determine the contentions as ahead of schedule as could reasonably be expected. A channel wide board of trustees may be set up for occasional surveys of the arising issues which are causing the contentions in the advertising channels. This will work as an emergency for the executives advisory group to change things quickly. It can likewise be enhanced by joint objective setting by different channel individuals which will deal with the different issues exuding dependent on the envisioned objectives, requirements of the shoppers just as ecological limitations which would help in alleviating the conditions of the contention. Another approach to lessen struggle is an intervention to be done at the most punctual as it is quick, jelly mystery, more affordable than a case, and stands up to issues at a beginning phase and is done before industry specialists of which both the gathering have confidence and are prepared to live with the choice. Another methodology imagined by including conduct researchers by utilizing Organizational turn of events (OD) ideas to teach their channel individuals to adapt to the progressions which may cause struggle. In any event, haggling and arrangement methods were likewise applied to determine channel clashes. Participative initiative styles which endeavored to mirror the requirements and inclinations of its channel individuals were additionally proposed to diminish negative clash in channels. Joint critical thinking was likewise one of the strategies which were successfully done. All these have various outcomes and were discovered appropriate under various circumstances and conditions. A quick activity in this way helps in the early goal of contentions else it gets perplexing and destructs the proficiency of the channel.

Answer e) Channel situating alludes to a company's channel arranging and dynamic to get a specific channel position. It alludes to see the relationship with channel individuals as a coalition which offers advantages to both producer and channel individuals for a more extended term. This trough takes a drawn-out key perspective on channel configuration by considering questions like "how might I plan a channel with the end goal that channel individuals will see my firm as in a way that is better than contenders". After cautiously investigating this firm can situate its direct in a way that they have certainty and backing of channel individuals which furnishes them with the differential preferred position.

Answer f) There exists a positive connection between the conveyance power and level of closeness in the channel relationship. Despite the fact that it is obvious that the circulation force isn't the main factor to consider in choosing how close the connection among maker and channel individuals should exist. Different variables like business sectors served, items, organization approaches, agents, climate, and conduct measurements likewise sway the degree of this closeness.

Answer g) Dissemination goals allude to the point of an association which it needs to accomplish through a compelling appropriation system. What firm necessities to accomplish through its appropriation channel are its dispersion goals and a firm should plan them successfully so they are consistent with different destinations or systems and corporate targets all in all.

Answer h) Market Variable, it depends on geology, size thickness and conducts, as an illustration, Melbourne it is diverse to the provincial regions, profoundly thickness market, conveyance focuses are nearer to the Melbourne markets, worldwide every nations ahs distinctive dissemination methodologies, in japan the appropriating is distinctive for the humble community, in china new food and veggies the wastage is high from 35% to diminish the wastage it will be colossal wastage, the model that utilizing is trucks they need chill tracks and preferable transportation strategy over utilizing streets. Choosing the size of the market is the number of individuals is purchasing, the thickness of the market as an illustration caterpillar they realize the number of individuals is purchasing and the precisely realize the number of individuals will purchase the item so they don't require numerous go-betweens. Market conduct of individuals taking a gander at the number of items they are purchasing the item, the most ideal approach to break down if utilize 5 W and H for instance in the event that you are taking a gander at the assembling, Product variable, mass and the heaviness of the item, perishability of the item how they can be disseminated and furthermore the unit esteem is high they utilize select dispersion technique. Another reality is specialized versus nonspecialized as an illustration CAT it is tech. Organization variable, rely upon the size of the organization how they are performing Intermediary variable, Availability, cost, administrations. Natural variable, monetary social structure, mechanical actuality Behavioral variable viable correspondence, a real force.

Answer i) The overall standard is a converse relationship: The more prominent the power, the less accentuation given to channel part choice. The more particular the appropriation, the more prominent the accentuation given to channel part choice.

#548 If effectiveness is the goal, ad creativity is the

If effectiveness is the goal, ad creativity is the - Operations Management

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Question 1 If effectiveness is the goal, ad creativity is the only strategy. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please narrate your answer with an example.

Question 2 The element of IMC (Integrated marketing communication) is important and companies are spending heavily to execute a coordinated IMC strategy but, in many cases not been able to achieve the communication objectives. What could be the reasons, please narrate key five important factors
Question 3 What a company can achieve through advertising research and what challenges the company may face while conducting the advertising research. (Narrate any three challenges).

Question 4 Why media planning is challenging these days? What measures media planner and buyers must take to overcome these challenges

Question 5 What factors a company must keep in mind when choosing an advertising agency for its brand's portfolio.

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A1- If we are looking for Effectiveness, a creative Ad is the only way to reach the target consumer. Creative ad campaigns are proven to be more effective at getting targets and desired results. Studies have found out that creative messages get more attention and lead to a positive attitude towards the product. Creative campaigns in general are more effective than other types of ads.

For example, the Orion Telescope ad is a brilliant example of creativity in advertising.

A2- An integrated Marketing Communication is vital for any brand to thrive in the marketplace. But there are times when even a creative advertisement, integrated with a marketing communication, fails to rack up the sales on any product. The key factors could be- Single Purchase, Pricing, Distribution, Lack of research, and Marketing and Communicating without a USP.

A3- A market research is basically finding out, what your customer wants. It can help you flag ineffective or unpopular ideas before you go to the expense of putting them into practice. Market research saves your time and money by telling you in advance of how the public will react.

Three major challenges in research- a) Self-reported data. b) Actual methodology of research. c) Generating evidence of performance.

A4- Media buying is a critical part of advertising, but it is fraught with challenges. Campaigns take months of preparation. The major challenges include

1- Local media buying practices 2- Change in advertising methods and Digitalization. 3- Advertising Fraud. 4- Delays 5- Dealing with authorities.

A5- There are major eight factors to consider when choosing a Marketing Agency.

a. Location

b. Compatibility

c. Background.  

d. Clientele

e. Budgets.

f. Credibility

g. Expertise and experience

h. Management and team.

#540 Using an Organization that you like the MOST as an example

Using an Organization that you like the MOST as an example - Operations management

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Using an Organization that you like the MOST as an example, Identify and discuss the factors because of which the organization is being considered as an effective organization. Also, discuss the selected organization’s effectiveness based on factors such as Communication, Productivity, Turnover, Decision Making Process, etc.  

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I would like to name, where i work and the name is RIGHT DIRECTIONS. I named as an effective organization as it includes many factors behind it such as teamwork, motivation from top level management, and most importantly guidance from experts. Beginning with the teamwork, there were several situations in the past we as a team had to accomplish many objectives and the coordination among us worked well in order to achieve the objectives. Coming to motivation, so unlike other organizations top-level management motivated us all so that we can improve our performances and also in return can be profitable for the organization also. Finally, for all this, the guidance is also very necessary for the employee when he or she is confused on the professional path. So, all these factors are included in my company making an effective one.

Furthermore, the effectiveness based on factors like communication, Productivity, Turnover, Decision Making Process, etc., are:

1. Communication - Communication is a must to have from ground level workers to top-level management and this makes my organization more effective because all the employees of any level are actually allowed to communicate with any concerned person in order to have proper guidance and to also save time. Apart from this, it also makes sure that communication should be done often so that everyone should feel comfortable while working in the office.

2. Productivity - With team work, motivation, communication, and guidance increase productivity and so it did purposefully for RIGHT DIRECTIONS. Also, belief in the employees gave them the freedom to take decisions independently and this also helped in increasing productivity.

3. Turnover - After the increase in productivity, the turnover also makes a favorable factor for RIGHT DIRECTIONS and this not only made organization in a profitable state but also made an impact in the industry which led the organization to stay in the long run also.

4. Decision Making Process - Right Directions gave independence to every employee but for every important decision, the whole organization made to sit together to discuss important and crucial points which also make the organization observe the thoughts and skills of each employee towards them.

So, like this situation and in several ways organization can be considered as effective.

#533 Google is one of the world’s leading high-tech firms

Google is one of the world’s leading high-tech firm - Operations Management

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Google is one of the world’s leading high-tech firms. Its corporate mission is, “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.” Explain how

Google’s mission affects the way Google develops and executes its strategy.

INSTRUCTIONS: Focus on the Keywords in Google’s Mission Statement while exploring Google’s Corporate Info Website (https://about.google/). In the website, you should thoroughly look at the different products, activities, operations, programs, different viewers, geographic coverage, and other features to understand the overall strategies Google is pursuing. Based on your thorough analysis of the website, list down the Strategic Priorities of Google. Afterward, you are required to link the strategic priorities with the key aspects of Google’s Mission Statement and then describe in detail how the Mission statement affects the way Google develops and executes its strateg

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Overview

Google has emerged as one of the most successful organizations of the century and is the market leader in the segments it operates into. With a focus on customer convenience, the organization has developed products ranging from search engines to cloud storage. It is the powerhouse of the world wide web and accounts for the source of over 80% of the world internet searches. As the digital era evolves, Google is geared to lead the world by maintaining its dominance in the search and ad business which is the major source of its revenue. At the same time, it continues to make significant investments in other digital sectors.

Strategic Priorities

Below are the strategic priorities of Google:

• Improving its existing search algorithms
• Smartphone platform (Android)
• Digital commerce
• Branded hardware product (Google Pixel)
• Artificial intelligence (self-driven cars)
• Healthcare (using data analytics and artificial intelligence)

Alignment between strategic priorities and mission statement

The core of google's mission statements aims at providing access to the information globally and use the information for the welfare of human beings and planet Earth. Google has access to huge datasets and users, and it is using this data to create solutions that can enable humans to save resources. Google is developing tools to create and analyze individual specific health datasets that can come in handy in case of emergency. Google has been investing heavily in artificial intelligence and has introduced features like voice search.

Google has been instrumental in introducing sustainable and renewable energy in the corporate sector. It is among the first few corporate to completely turn its offices worldwide as energy self-sustainable. In fact, it has been able to further reduce the energy consumption of its data centers by 15%. It has been ranked as the number 1 organization for patent registration in artificial intelligence consecutively between 2013-18.

Conclusion

Google's recent investment and acquisitions reveal that it is prioritizing the AI, machine learning, cloud computing, and e-commerce sector. The CEO of Alphabet – Mr. Pichai has been very vocal in these sectors. Google has been very successful in harnessing the power of data for the welfare of humans and will continue to do so in decades to come.

#525 The code of conduct to be observed by the followers

The code of conduct to be observed by the followers - Operations Management

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Q.No. 1 The code of conduct to be observed by the followers of Islam in their individual and social life is called Shariah. It is the compendium of all the injunctions and guideline principles derived from the Quran, Sunnah and other sources. How will you classify the different aspects of individual and social life activities under the umbrella of Shariah? Moreover, classify the levels of shariah rulings derived from different sources of shariah by giving examples.

Q.No. 2 Evaluate the different forms of Riba involved both in monetary as well as in barter exchanges by giving examples.

Q.No. 3 How gharar (excessive uncertainty) takes place in different contracts? What are its legal effects on financial and non-financial transactions?

Q.No. 4 In order to solve socio-economic problems of man, different systems have been tried in different countries of the world. The most dominant are Capitalism and Socialism. Since these systems are man-made, therefore, face many flaws and drawback. Analyze these

flaws in Capitalism & Socialism and explain that how these flaws have been addressed and overcome by Islamic Economic System?

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#524 Discuss the contextual dimensions of the organization

Discuss the contextual dimensions of the organization - Operations Management

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Question 3: Select an organization of your own choice (MUST be a Reputable, Renowned, & Legitimate Organizations). Identify, Describe, & Discuss the contextual dimensions of the organization (i.e. Size, Culture, Strategy, Technology, & Environment). Also, discuss how the contextual dimensions influence the actual dimensions of your selected organization in terms of Complexity, Formalization, & Centralization.  NOTE: Your answer MUST be based on a real currently functioning organization

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Microsoft Corporation

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses supports, and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best-known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 21 in the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2016 and is considered one of the domestic Big Five technology companies.

The company is run by a board of directors made up of mostly company outsiders, as is customary for publicly traded companies. Board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting using a majority vote system. There are four committees within the board that oversee more specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including the nomination of the board; and the Regulatory and Public Policy Committee, which includes legal/antitrust matters, along with privacy, trade, digital safety, artificial intelligence, and environmental sustainability

Year	Revenue in mil. US$	Net income in mil. US$	Total Assets in mil. US$	Employees
2019	125,843	39,240	286,556	144,106

Subsidiaries

Microsoft is an international business. As such, it needs subsidiaries present in whatever national markets it chooses to harvest. An example is Microsoft Canada, which it established in 1985. Other countries have similar installations, to funnel profits back up to Redmond and to distribute the dividends to the holders of MSFT stock.

As well as national subsidiaries, Microsoft has found it worthwhile to group its patent attorneys into Microsoft Technology Licensing (MTL), which is run as an LLC. In 2020, the NASDAQ stock exchange rated MTL as number four on its list of firms with the most number of patent documents filed.

Corporate Culture

Microsoft is a big company that operates across many geographies, and it is important that they build a common language to effectively drive cultural change. In a previous employee pulse survey, 65% of the respondents said they have some level of awareness about being an ally in the workplace. But while many employees are aware of the concepts of allyship, they independently defined the concept in many different ways, including advocating different backgrounds, showing empathy, working together as one team, helping others without personal gain, and speaking up for others when observing noninclusive behavior emerged as the top five themes. It’s important that within Microsoft, we do our part to ensure there is consistency in understanding and communication as we engage.

At Microsoft, an ally is someone who makes the intentional decision to understand, empathize, and act in support of someone else. It’s not a person’s identity. Rather, it’s a lifelong commitment and practice

Accessibility

Having a more diverse and inclusive workforce helps Microsoft shape technology that can serve the full range of human experiences and needs. Because they aspire to innovate products and services that empower all, they draw on the full range of human diversity to create new ideas and discover new solutions to society’s most pressing problems. It extends to the culture of their workplace and weaving accessibility into the fabric of their company—from hiring people with disabilities, to providing seamless experiences in the workplace, creating inclusive marketing, and awarding our Accessibility in Action digital badge

Noted for its internal lexicon, the expression "eating your own dog food" is used to describe the policy of using pre-release and beta versions of products inside Microsoft in an effort to test them in "real-world" situations.

Microsoft is an outspoken opponent of the cap on H-1B visas, which allow companies in the U.S. to employ certain foreign workers. Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it difficult to hire employees for the company

Environment

Microsoft's main U.S. campus received a silver certification from the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed over 2,000 solar panels on top of its buildings at its Silicon Valley campus, generating approximately 15 percent of the total energy needed by the facilities in April 2005. Microsoft makes use of alternative forms of transit. It created one of the world's largest private bus systems, the "Connector", to transport people from outside the company; for on-campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect" uses a large fleet of hybrid cars to save fuel. The company also subsidizes regional public transport, provided by Sound Transit and King County Metro, as an incentive. In February 2010 however, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional public transport and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to the State Route 520 and its floating bridge connecting Redmond to Seattle; the company did not want to delay the construction any further. Microsoft was ranked number 1 in the list of the World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute in 2011. In January 2020, the company promised to remove from the environment all of the carbon that it has emitted since its foundation in 1975. On October 9, 2020, Microsoft made their work from home policy permanent.

#523 While considering the five basic parts of an organization

While considering the five basic parts of an organization - Operations Management

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Question 1: Select TWO different organizations of your own choice (MUST be a Reputable, Renowned, & Legitimate Organizations). While considering the five basic parts of an organization (Strategic Apex, Techno Structure, Support Staff, Middle Management, & Operating Core) being discussed during lectures, describe the five basic parts of BOTH the organizations. Also, COMPARE and CONTRAST the two organizations in the context of the five parts you described and discussed.

NOTE: Try to select the organizations in the same industry so that you can effectively compare the two organizations. To answer effectively, collect concrete information about the organizations and their parts.

NOTE 2: THIS IS ALREADY ANSWERED ON CHEGG SO PLEASE DO NOT USE THAT ANSWER. APART FROM APPLE AND SAMSUNG ANSWER THIS QUESTION ITS A REQUEST PLEASE.

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_{At the bottom of the organization is the operating core. These are the people that do the basic work of producing the products or delivering the services. In the simplest organizations, the operators are largely self-sufficient, coordinating through mutual adjustment. In those organizations, there is almost nothing but operating core.}

_{As the organization grows, the need for direct supervision increases. This results in the development of a strategic apex, which in the simplest case is just a single manager. The apex is charged with ensuring that the organization executes its mission. They are responsible to the owners, government agencies, unions, communities, etc.}

_{As the organization grows even larger, one manager can't handle all the workers, and so there are multiple managers of workers, plus a manager to manage the managers. This creates a middle line which transmits authority from the top to the bottom.}

_{In Frederick Taylor's view, it was the primary responsibility of the managers to figure out how work should be done by the workers. However, as organizations become larger, they typically develop a separate group of people -- analysts -- who take on the job of figuring out what the company's technology should be and what the company's procedures should be. These analysts form the technostructure of the organization. The technostructure's mission is to effect coordination through standardization. For example, the industrial engineers standardize work processes; the strategic planners standardize outputs, and the personnel trainers and recruiters standardize skills.}

_{Finally, the organization adds other administrative units that provide services to itself, such as a cafeteria, mailroom, legal counsel, public relations, etc. These are called the support staff.}

_{The apex, middle line, and operating core are known collectively as line positions. In contrast, the technostructure and support staff are known collectively as staff positions. Originally, the meaning of these terms was that line positions had the formal authority to make decisions, while staff positions did not: they advised those who did. Today, that meaning has shifted. The line refers to people that work directly on the main products of the company or manage the people who do. Staff refers to people who construct and maintain the company's infrastructure. In a way, staff positions are like roads while line positions are like the cars that run on top of the roads.}

#522 Select TWO different organizations of your own choice

Select TWO different organizations of your own choice - Operations Management

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Select TWO different organizations of your own choice (MUST be a Reputable, Renowned, & Legitimate Organizations). While considering the five basic parts of an organization (Strategic Apex, Techno Structure, Support Staff, Middle Management, & Operating Core) being discussed during lectures, describe the five basic parts of BOTH the organizations. Also, COMPARE and CONTRAST the two organizations in the context of the five parts you described and discussed.

NOTE: Try to select the organizations in the same industry so that you can effectively compare the two organizations. To answer effectively, collect concrete information about the organizations and their parts.

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Organization 1: Apple
(i)Operating core: 137, 000 employees (as per data of 2019). The two major groups of employees of the company are a retail store and corporate employees. The peculiarity of employees of the company is that they are specially trained at the Genius bar hence called 'Mac Geniuses'.

(ii) Strategic apex: The apex level management includes Tim Cook (CEO), Katherine Adams (Senior Vice President and General Counsel), Eddy Cue, Craig Frederighi, etc.

(iii)Middle line: Lack of middle-level managers like C.T.O.The C.E.O and first-line managers share the 'middle-level management '.

(iv) Technostructure: Accountants, work schedules, etc who get paid well fall under this category. The company is a pioneer of the 'Double Irish with a Dutch sandwich ' technique.

(v)Support Staff: Prateek Hiremath (legal counsel).

Organization 2
SAMSUNG
Operating Core: 287, 439 employees (in 2019).
Strategic apex: Kim Hyun Suk (CEO)
Middle line: Management style is a combination of both Japanese and American styles.
Technostructure: Limited growth strategy
Support staff: On average employees earn $85k in a year.

The basic part of an organization	Organization 1 Apple	Organization 2 Samsung
Operating Core	Mac Geniuses	employees get a bonus called TAI
Strategic Apex	Tim Cook(CEO)	Kim Hyun Suk (CEO)
Middle line	No middle-level managers	Trained employees (SEED) Incorporated both Japanese and American management style
Technostructure	Broad differentiation.	Limited growth strategy developed by employees
Support staff	an average employee earns $100, 000 annually	an average employee earns $85k annually

#514 Should a firm's operations abroad be judged

Should a firm's operations abroad be judged - Operation Management

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Should a firm's operations abroad be judged by the standards (legal, economic, cultural, and moral) of the country in which it is operating or by the standards of its domestic market? Is a firm responsible for its supply chain? If so, how far does that responsibility extend--to immediate suppliers, the suppliers' suppliers, or beyond?

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A firm's operations vary from one country to the other depending on the rules and regulations of the country it is operating in. It needs to follow the legal and ethical standards of that country and need to obtain all the required legal documents of that country. It cannot always follow the domestic market and need to adapt to various market conditions of that country. Hence their operations abroad must be judged by the standards of the country in which they are operating. A firm is responsible for the activities of its supply chain but only to some extent. The activities inside the firm like production are the responsibilities of the firm but the activities of the suppliers of its suppliers cannot be controlled by the firm. It can set some standards for its suppliers but not for the suppliers of its suppliers.