#510 Earthquake records. Measurements of engineering interest

Earthquake records. Measurements of engineering interest - Math

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1. Earthquake records. Measurements of engineering interest have been recorded during earthquakes in Japan and in other parts of the world since 1800. One of the critical recordings is of apparent relative density, RDEN. After the commencement of a strong earthquake, a saturated fine, loose sand undergoes vibra- tory motion and consequently, the sand may liquefy without retaining any shear strength, thus behaving like a dense liquid. This will lead to failures in structures supported by the liquefied sand. These are often catastrophic. The standard penetration test is used to measure RDEN. Another measurement taken to estimate the prospect of liquefaction is that of the intensity at which the ground shakes. This is the peak surface acceleration of the soil during the earthquake, ACCEL. The data are from J. T. Christian and W. E. Swiger (1975), J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Proc. ASCE, 101, GT111, 1135-1150, and are reproduced by permission of the publisher (ASCE):

Note: denotes acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s?).

Compute the sample mean F, standard deviation S, and the coefficient of skewness, 81, for RDEN and ACCEL. Construct stem-and-leaf plots for each set. Comment on the distributions. Plot the scatter diagram and calculate the correlation coefficient r. What conclusions can be reached?

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Correlation Coefficient is 0.28068 ( Very Low )
Conclusion :- The variables Relative Density ( RDEN ) and Acceleration ( ACCEL ) are Hardly related ( There ia a Weak relationship between RDEN and ACCEL )